I stumbled upon the nifty “lshw” tool today. lshw lists your hardware. Try it now:$sudo lshw
You can get specific details by using the -C flag:$sudo lshw -C disk
will list all you hard disks.
$sudo lshw -html > your-file-name.html
use Data::UUID;
$ug = new Data::UUID;
$uuid1 = $ug->create();
$uuid2 = $ug->create_from_name(, );
$res = $ug->compare($uuid1, $uuid2);
$str = $ug->to_string( $uuid );
This modules provides several methods to create a UUID:
# creates binary (16 byte long binary value) UUID.
$ug->create();
$ug->create_bin();
# creates binary (16-byte long binary value) UUID based on particular
# namespace and name string.
$ug->create_from_name(, );
$ug->create_from_name_bin(, );
# creates UUID string, using conventional UUID string format,
# such as: 4162F712-1DD2-11B2-B17E-C09EFE1DC403
$ug->create_str();
$ug->create_from_name_str(, );
# creates UUID string as a hex string,
# such as: 0x4162F7121DD211B2B17EC09EFE1DC403
$ug->create_hex();
$ug->create_from_name_hex(, );
# creates UUID string as a Base64-encoded string
$ug->create_b64();
$ug->create_from_name_b64(, );
Binary UUIDs can be converted to printable strings using following methods:
# convert to conventional string representation
$ug->to_string();
# convert to hex string
$ug->to_hexstring();
# convert to Base64-encoded string
$ug->to_b64string();
Conversly, string UUIDs can be converted back to binary form:
# recreate binary UUID from string
$ug->from_string();
$ug->from_hexstring();
# recreate binary UUID from Base64-encoded string
$ug->from_b64string();
Finally, two binary UUIDs can be compared using the following method:
# returns -1, 0 or 1 depending on whether uuid1 less
# than, equals to, or greater than uuid2
Examples:
use Data::UUID qw(:all);
# this creates a new UUID in string form, based on the standard namespace
# UUID NameSpace_URL and name "www.mycompany.com"
$ug = new Data::UUID;
print $ug->create_from_name_str(NameSpace_URL, "www.mycompany.com");
Getopt::Long
Pod::Usage
Digest::SHA1
Digest::HMAC
XML::Simple
You can install them using the "cpan" command on many Linux distros:sudo cpan Getopt::LongThis tool also depends on the Amazon::SDB modules provided by Amazon(not the one in CPAN). Amazon's modules can be found here:
http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1136
Here is the How to for the above:
curl -Lo amazon-simpledb-perl-library.zip \
http://amazon-simpledb-perl-library.notlong.com
unzip amazon-simpledb-perl-library.zip
sitelib=$(perl -MConfig -le 'print $Config{sitelib}')
sudo scp -r amazon-simpledb-*-perl-library/src/Amazon $sitelib
Finally, this command line interface can be installed with:
sudo curl -Lo /usr/local/bin/simpledb http://simpledb-cli.notlong.com
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/simpledb
Now to test your installation::
my $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = "";
my $AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = "";
use Amazon::SimpleDB::Model::CreateDomain;
# @TODO: set action. Action can be passed as Amazon::SimpleDB::Model::CreateDomain
# object or hash of parameters
# invokeCreateDomain($service, $action);
use Amazon::SimpleDB::Model::CreateDomain;
my $action = Amazon::SimpleDB::Model::CreateDomain->new;
invokeCreateDomain($service, $action->withDomainName("MyDomain"));
perl src/Amazon/SimpleDB/Samples/CreateDomainSample.pl
CreateDomainResponse
ResponseMetadata
RequestId
95cdcb68-f46c-400b-8265-8c2de2a5c475
SEE ALSO
Amazon SimpleDB (SDB)
http://www.amazon.com/SimpleDB-AWS-Service-Pricing/b/?node=342335011
Amazon SimpleDB Developer Guide
http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonSimpleDB/2007-11-07/DeveloperGui
de/If you have worked with Asterisk/Trixbox for any length of time, you have dealt with codecs. You’ve seen terms thrown around such as ulaw, alaw, G711, G729, and on and on and one. But what are these? And what are the differences between them? When should use use G726 instead of ulaw? What codecs are even possible in Trixbox? I’ll try to clear some of this up.
For VoIP communication, you need to start with a protocol. The three big protocols are SIP, IAX2, and H323. SIP and IAX2 are natively supported in Trixbox’s version of Asterisk (v1.2), so I’m going to assume that you’re using one of these. Once you have your protocol in place, a codec tells the system what format to send the calls across the protocol.
Codecs are used to convert an analog voice signal to digital. They vary in sound quality and bandwidth consumption. Typically, the better the sound quality, the more bandwidth consumed…the less bandwidth consumed, the worse the sound quality. Here are the codecs currently supported in Asterisk v1.2:
ulaw - AKA G.711 - 64Kbps - ulaw is the standard US codec for uncompressed voice. For internal extension to extension calls, this is the preferred codec. Notice the 64Kbps? This is how much bandwidth is consumed by this codec. When thinking about bandwidth consumption, I like to think in terms of phone lines…a typical phone line (or T1 channel) is 56Kbps (remember the days of modems??). ulaw is just a little higher than that. If your Internet connection is a modem, you would want a more compressed codec. If you have 768Kbps up/down DSL, you should be able to run 12 ulaw calls across the connection (768Kbps / 64Kbps = 12). That is typically not recommended however, and with other Internet stuff going on, that number gets reduced significantly. If a client told me they had a 768Kbps connection, I would tell them not to expect good voice quality on more than 3-4 simultaneous calls with ulaw and that connection.
alaw - AKA G.711 - 64Kbps - alaw is the same as ulaw, but it is the European standard codec.
G.723.1 - 6.3Kbps or 5.3Kbps - This is the standard codec used by H323. Since I’m not talking about H323, I’ll skip this one.
G.726 - 32 Kbps - G726 is a good alternative to ulaw when you need to save some bandwidth. It consumes 1/2 the amount of bandwidth of ulaw, and the voice quality isn’t degraded much.
G.729 - 8Kbps - The G729 codec is excellent, but there is a trade-off. It has very low bandwidth consumption and decent voice quality, however it also has a dark side in that it isn’t free. G.729 licenses are available from Digium at the cost of $10.00 per channel. They also take a significant amount of CPU power to process the compression. Installation requires a purchased license from Digium, and you have to download and run their registration program…it is pretty easy to do, but is still an additional step. Plus, it bases the registration on the MAC address of the computer it was installed on, and is only transferrable once (and you have to contact Digium to do it). This is a good codec, but try G.726 or GSM first.
GSM - 13Kbps - GSM is a codec that comes from cell phone technology. It has pretty low bandwidth consumption, but you will notice lower voice quality than a standard PSTN line.
iLBC - 13.33Kbps - iLBC is another low-bandwidth codec. They claim better quality than G729, but I haven’t had much experience with them…I don’t know if that is a true statement or not.
Speex - configurable 4-48Kbps - Speex is another less-known codec. It’s advantage is that it is flexible (4Kbps to 48Kbps) in terms of bandwidth consumption, but it takes up more CPU than even G.729. Again, I have never used this codec, so I don’t know much more about it.
I hope that helps clear codecs up a bit. My general rule of thumb is to use ulaw if there aren’t any bandwidth constraints. If bandwidth is a consideration, I then try G.726 and GSM in that order. If a customer is jazzed about G.729, I have no problem using that as well (although I don’t think it offers enough advantage over G.726 or GSM to be worth $10 bucks).
./s3-get./s3-put./s3-delete ./s3-get -k MyAWSAccessKeyId -s AWSSecretAccessKeyIdFile /bucket/pathtoobject
We use a file for the AWS Secret Access Key Id so that it does not appear in the list of running processes with ps
nano AWSSecretAccessKeyIdFile (paste your SecretKey there)
od -a AWSSecretAccessKeyIdFile
cat AWSSecretAccessKeyIdFile | tr -d '\n' >> AWSSecretAccessKeyIdFile2(if you get 41 bytes problem)
Festival:
apt-get install festival
apt-get install festvox-kallpc16k
You need to add to /usr/share/festival/festival.scm:
(define (tts_textasterisk string mode)
"(tts_textasterisk STRING MODE)
Apply tts to STRING. This function is specifically designed for use in server mode so
a single function call may synthesize the string. This function name may be added to
the server safe functions."
(let ((wholeutt (utt.synth (eval (list 'Utterance 'Text string)))))
(utt.wave.resample wholeutt 8000)
(utt.wave.rescale wholeutt 5)
(utt.send.wave.client wholeutt)))
festival.conf
-----------------------------
[general]
host=localhost
port=1314
festivalcommand=(tts_textasterisk "%s" 'file)(quit)\n
but in extensions.conf when i call the festival app i put the text
'quoted' like this:
exten => 003,1,Festival('Hello asterisk user, how are you today?') ;
<-- note the quotes ... exten => 003,2,Wait(1)
exten => 003,3,Hangup()
From the command-line type 'festival --server'
Then restart Asterisk
This configuration reads a text file (limiting it to 130 characters or less) and then speaks the message to the caller.
exten => 3200,1,ReadFile(test=/tmp/test.txt,130)
exten => 3200,n,Festival(${test})
exten => 3200,n,Hangup
Example of a Auto Attendant menu.
[MainMenu]
exten => s,1,SetVar(NUMINVALID=0)
exten => s,2,Setvar(NUMTIMEOUTS=0)
exten => s,3,Background(sales_press_one)
exten => s,4,Background(support_press_two))
exten => s,5,ResponseTimeout(5)
exten => s,6,DigitTimeout(2)
exten => t,1,SetVar(NUMTIMEOUTS=$[${NUMTIMEOUTS} + 1])
exten => t,2,Gotoif($[${NUMTRIES} < 2]?s,3)
exten => t,3,Background(vm-goodbye)
exten => t,4,Hangup()
exten => i,1,SetVar(NUMINVALID=$[${NUMINVALID} + 1])
exten => i,2,Gotoif($[${NUMINVALID} < 4]?:10)
exten => i,3,Background(invalid)
exten => i,4,Goto(s,2)
exten => i,10,Playback(vm-goodbye)
exten => i,11,Hangup()
PERL::AGI
wget http://asterisk.gnuinter.net/files/asterisk-perl-0.10.tar.gz
untar -> go to folder ->
pl Makefile.pl -> make -> make install
to test perl:
go to examples folder-> ./agi-test.pl or perl agi-test.pl
Install Pre-Requisites:
For compiling and installing:
apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libtool flex bison libssl-dev
libnewt-dev libncurses5-dev linux-headers-`uname -r` gcc
SOUNDS:
apt-get install sox curl subversion subversion-tools
MySQL
apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server libmysqlclient15-dev
LIBPRI:
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/libpri/releases/libpri-1.4.4.tar.gz
make
make install
Speex:(Speex is an Open Source/Free Software patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. The Speex Project aims to lower the barrier of entry for voice applications
by providing a free alternative to expensive proprietary speech codecs. Moreover, Speex is well-adapted to Internet applications and provides
useful features that are not present in most other codecs.)
wget http://downloads.us.xiph.org/releases/speex/speex-1.2beta2.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
Asterisk:
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-1.4.21.1.tar.gz
cd asterisk-1.4.13
Edit the Makefile(change the ASTVARRUNDIR= to /var/run/asterisk)
./configure
make menuselct(selct gsm sounds frm extras and core sounds in gsm)
make install
make samples
Asterisk Addons:
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-addons-1.4.7.tar.gz
cd asterisk-addons-1.4.4
./configure
make menuselect
make install
LINKS(to install it apt-get install links)
go to http://asterikast.com -> downloads -> download the g729 codecs from there
UNZIP it... (apt-get install UNZIP)
copy that codecs into /usr/lib/asterisk/module/
DELETE all the codecs and asterisk-addons folder frm /usr/src
groupadd asterisk
useradd -s /bin/false -g asterisk asterisk
wget http://asterikast.com/_downloads/_scripts/ownast
cat ownast
chmod +x ownast
cp ownast /usr/bin/
ownast
safe_asterisk -U asterisk -G asterisk
(if you get "Bad fd number" try ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh)
asterisk -r
ps
edit the sip.conf
[general]
context=default
allowguest=yes
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
nat=yes
dtmfmode=rfc2833
canreinvite=no
[100]
type=friend
context=default
disallow=all
allow=ulaw
allow=g729
host=dynamic
username=100
secret=100
canreinvite=no
apt-get install -y subversion build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
libxml2-dev libfuse-dev
svn checkout http://s3fs.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/s3fs s3fs
make -C s3fs (install g++ if needed and install make)
cp s3fs/s3fs /usr/local/bin
- Set up an S3 access configuration file
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=...
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=...
echo "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" > /etc/passwd-s3fs
chmod 600 /etc/passwd-s3fs
- Start s3fs (probably best to use a new/empty bucket the first time):
bucket=...
mkdir -p /mnt/$bucket
/usr/local/bin/s3fs $bucket /mnt/$bucket
- Shut it down (flushes any cached data)
s3fs has a caching mechanism: You can enable local file caching to minimize downloads, e.g., :
/usr/bin/s3fs mybucket /mnt -ouse_cache=/tmp
./configure --enable-static &&
make
make install &&
install -v -m644 -D doc/asoundrc.txt \
/usr/share/doc/alsa-lib-1.0.13/asoundrc.txt
make docinstall -v -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/alsa-1.0.13/html &&
install -v -m644 doc/doxygen/html/* /usr/share/doc/alsa-1.0.13/html
CUPS-1.2.12: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/pst/cups.html
wget ftp://ftp.easysw.com/pub/cups/1.2.12/cups-1.2.12-source.tar.bz2
useradd -c "Print Service User" -d /dev/null -g lp -s /bin/false -u 9 lp
patch -Np1 -i ../cups-1.2.12-security_fixes-2.patch &&
./configure &&
make
make install
gunzip -v /usr/share/man/man{\
1/{cancel,cups{-config,test{dsc,ppd}},\
lp{,options,passwd,q,rm,r,stat}}.1,\
5/{{classes,client,cups-snmp,cupsd,printers,subscriptions,mailto}.conf,\
mime.{convs,types}}.5,\
7/{backend,filter}.7,\
8/{accept,cups{d,addsmb,enable,-{deviced,driverd,lpd,polld}},\
lp{admin,info,move,c}}.8}.gz &&
rm -v /usr/share/man/man8/{reject,cupsdisable}.8.gz &&
ln -v -s accept.8 /usr/share/man/man8/reject.8 &&
ln -v -s cupsenable.8 /usr/share/man/man8/cupsdisable.8
make install-cups
GTK+-2.10.13: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/x/gtk2.html
wget ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/v2.10/gtk+-2.10.13.tar.bz2
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc &&
make
make install &&
install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/gtk+-2.10.13/{faq,tutorial} &&
cp -v -R docs/faq/html/* /usr/share/doc/gtk+-2.10.13/faq &&
cp -v -R docs/tutorial/html/* /usr/share/doc/gtk+-2.10.13/tutorial &&
install -v -m644 docs/*.txt /usr/share/doc/gtk+-2.10.13
----------------------------------------------------
chmod 755 jdk-6u5-linux-i586.bin
./jdk-6u5-linux-i586.bin
cd jdk1.6.0_05
install -v -m755 -d /opt/jdk-6u5 &&
mv -v * /opt/jdk-6u5
chown -v -R root:root /opt/jdk-6u5 &&
ln -v -sf xawt/libmawt.so /opt/jdk-6u5/jre/lib/i386/
cd ..
sed -i 's@XINERAMA@FAKEEXTN@g' \/opt/jdk-6u5/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so
ln -sf xawt/libmawt.so /opt/jdk-6u5/jre/lib/i386/: This fixes linking issues with other applications that expect to find the motif libraries with the other JDK libraries.
As the root user, create a symlink to the installation directory:
ln -v -nsf jdk-6u5 /opt/jdk
The information below assumes your system is set up using the instructions found in “The Bash Shell Startup Files”. You may need to extract the relevant information below and incorporate it into your system's startup files if your system is set up differently.
Add the following jdk.sh shell startup file to the /etc/profile.d directory with the following commands as the root user:
cat > /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh << "EOF"# Begin /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
# Set JAVA_HOME directory
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
# Adjust PATH
pathappend ${JAVA_HOME}/bin PATH
# Auto Java CLASSPATH
# Copy jar files to, or create symlinks in this directory
AUTO_CLASSPATH_DIR=/usr/lib/classpath
pathprepend . CLASSPATH
for dir in `find ${AUTO_CLASSPATH_DIR} -type d 2>/dev/null`; do
pathappend $dir CLASSPATH
done
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
unset AUTO_CLASSPATH_DIR
unset dir
# End /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
EOF
The Java plugin is located in $JAVA_HOME/jre/plugin/i?86/ns7/. Make a symbolic link to the file in that directory from your browser(s) plugins directory.
Run sudo update-java-alternatives -l to see the current configuration and possibilities.
Run sudo update-java-alternatives -s XXXX to set the XXX java version as default. For Sun Java 6 this would be sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-6-sun
Run java -version to ensure that the correct version is being called.
You can also use the following command to interactively make the change;
Run sudo update-alternatives --config java
Install Pre-Requisites:
apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libtool flex bison libssl-dev libnewt-dev libncurses5-dev linux-headers-`uname -r`
apt-get install sox curl subversion subversion-tools
apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server libmysqlclient15-dev
apt-get install php5 php5-cli php5-curl php5-gd php5-json(php5-common) php5-mcrypt php5-mhash php5-mysql php5-suhosin php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl php-pear
apt-get install apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork
Setup Accounts:
adduser --system --home /var/lib/asterisk --group asterisk
mkdir /var/run/asterisk
chown -R asterisk:asterisk /var/run/asterisk
Download Asterisk:
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-1.4.21.1.tar.gz
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-addons-1.4.7.tar.gz
wget ftp.digium.com/pub/libpri/releases/libpri-1.4.4.tar.gz
Uncompress Asterisk Sources:
tar xzvf asterisk-1.4.21.1.tar.gz
tar xzvf asterisk-addons-1.4.7.tar.gz
tar xzvf libpri-1.4.4.tar.gz
Compile Asterisk Sources:
cd asterisk-1.4.13 && ./configure && make install && make samples && cd -
cd asterisk-addons-1.4.4 && ./configure && make install && cd -
cd libpri-1.4.2 && make && make install && cd -
Setup MySQL:
mysql -u root –p (Enter your password to check if mysql is running properly or not)
mysqladmin -u root password '
mysqladmin -p create asterisk create asteriskcdrdb
echo "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON asterisk.* TO asterisk@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '
echo "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON asteriskcdrdb.* TO asterisk@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '
Configure Asterisk Files:
(/etc/apache2/apache2.conf):
User asterisk
Group asterisk
(/etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf):
astrundir => /var/run/asterisk
(/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini):
post_max_size = 20M
upload_max_filesize = 20M
Install PEAR for PHP:
pear install db
Setup Asterisk:
edit /etc/init.d/skeleton
DAEMON=/usr/src/asterisk/asterisk
NAME=Asterisk
DESC="Asterisk PBX"
save file as asterisk in /etc/init.d/
>
chmod +x /etc/init.d/asterisk
/etc/init.d/asterisk start
nano /etc/inittab
chown -R asterisk:asterisk /var/spool/asterisk/
chown -R asterisk:asterisk /var/log/asterisk/
Setup FreePBX:
svn co https://amportal.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/amportal/freepbx/branches/2.3/ /usr/src/freepbx
mysql -p asterisk < /usr/src/freepbx/SQL/newinstall.sql mysql -p asteriskcdrdb < /usr/src/freepbx/SQL/cdr_mysql_table.sql cd /usr/src/freepbx
./install_amp
Username to connect to the asterisk database
[asteriskuser]asterisk
Password to connect to the asterisk database
[amp109]
Hostname of Asterisk Database [localhost]
Username to connect to the Asterisk Manager Interface[admin]
Password to connect to the Asterisk Manager interface[amp111]
Path to use for your AMP web root[/var/www/html]
Ip address or hostname used to access the AMP web-admin [xx.xx.xx.xx]
Password to perform call transfer with the flash operator panel[passw0rd]
Use simple Extensions [extensions] admin or separate Devices and Users [devicesandusers]
Directory to store AMP executable scripts [/var/lib/asterisk/bin]
Directory to store super user scripts [/usr/local/sbin]
If it fails running or problem connecting to the database try
./install_amp –username=root –password=[password]
&& cd -
Update Ubuntu Startup Files:
update-rc.d zaptel defaults
update-rc.d asterisk defaults
Setup Zaptel if Required:
(/etc/zaptel.conf)
span=1,0,0,esf,b8zs
bchan=1-23
dchan=24
Load Zaptel Modules:
modprobe zaptel
modprobe wct1xxp
ztcfg -vv
Visit the Web Interface:
http://
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